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If
if-else Statement:

The if statement it can be extended with an optional else block to provide an alternative code path when the condition is false:

Program:

if (condition) {
    // Code to be executed if the condition is true
} else {
    // Code to be executed if the condition is false
}
Here's an example:
Program:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int age = 15;

    if (age >= 18) {
        std::cout << "are an adult." << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "are not an adult." << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

In this case, if the age is less than 18, the message "are not an adult" is displayed.

if-else if-else Statement:

it can chain multiple conditions using else if to handle more complex decision-making scenarios:

Program:

if (condition1) {
    // Code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
    // Code to be executed if condition1 is false and condition2 is true
} else {
    // Code to be executed if all previous conditions are false
}
Here's an example:
Program:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int score = 85;

    if (score >= 90) {
        std::cout << "A" << std::endl;
    } else if (score >= 80) {
        std::cout << "B" << std::endl;
    } else if (score >= 70) {
        std::cout << "C" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "F" << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

In this example, the code checks the score and prints a corresponding grade based on the value of score.

The if statement is a fundamental control structure in C++ and is used extensively for making decisions and controlling the flow of program.


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